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Titles in Art Cataloging

ArtFrame, 2017-10-06, updated 2018-02-05

NOTE: the following represents the direction taken by the ArtFrame group in the ontology development process and may not represent the final model. This pattern document was used internally to define a direction and is shared with the intention of contextualizing a pattern found within the ontology; terms specified below may not fully align to the ontology as published. bibliotek-o properties and classes will be replaced with BIBFRAME terms or defined within the ArtFrame/RareMat ontology. _____________________________________________

Table of Contents

Sources

Background

bibliotek-o, the BIBFRAME extension created by LD4L-Labs and the LD4P Ontology Group, takes a slightly different approach to recording titles than BIBFRAME itself. For example, bibliotek-o distinguishes between title sources and title origins, allows for indicating transcribed versus supplied titles, the ordering of subtitles, and the creation of sort titles by providing the possibility to separate initial articles from the title proper. This document discusses if the bibliotek-o title model covers the use cases identified by the ArtFrame team and the ArtFrame Extension Group related to naming art objects and identifies areas not covered that need to be addressed in the ArtFrame extension.

Recommendation for Moving Forward with ArtFrame

After testing the bibliotek-o title model, the ArtFrame group agreed that it can generally be applied to art objects. The group also investigated specific art cataloging standards (such as CCO, CDWA and DCRM(G)) for other requirements unique to art objects. In particular, the group discussed title types listed in CCO Chapter 1, p. 49-50 (http://cco.vrafoundation.org/downloads/PartTwo_1-ObjectNaming.pdf) as well as CDWA (http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/cdwa/4titles.html). Most of these title types (e.g. creator’s title or repository title) are very relevant concepts, but can be expressed in other ways in a linked data environment. Two remaining title types were identified that need to be formally expressed in the ArtFrame ontology: exhibition title and translated title.

Title origins (the place from which a title originates, i.e. container, margin, spine) are less clearly defined for objects different from regular print books. Established owl:NamedIndividuals in bibliotek-o, such as ex:supplied and ex:transcribed should be applied where appropriate, along with the newly proposed ex:translated. No additional art specific named individuals will be defined within the ArtFrame namespace. DCRM(G) 1B2 states: Always make a note on the source of the title proper. The examples given are: Title from lower margin; Title from ink note on book of mount; title from item, etc. This list could potentially be endless. For the sake of consistency, this type of information will be recorded as a title origin using rdf:value.

Relevant ArtFrame Use Case

Title Use Case

Examples: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon) (Wikipedia); Swimming, by Thomas Eakins (formerly The Swimming Hole) (title change based on research)

Titles in MARC

In a MARC bibliographic record, many types of titles are recorded in the 20x-24x area http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd20x24x.html. The instance title is tagged as a 245. A work title is recorded in a 240 or 130. If neither one of these are present, then the 245 can be interpreted as the title of the work as well as the instance title. The 245 allows for sub-fielding of non-sorting characters and subtitles. Variant titles are recorded in a 246, where indicators can be used to show the type or source of the variant tiles. Related titles can occur in the 6xx $t, 7xx $t, 730 or 740.

Titles in BIBFRAME

The classes and properties that are available to express in BIBFRAME are summarized here:

BIBFRAME Title Model

http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe-category.html accessed on July 31, 2017.

Other properties that can be used in conjunction with title information are bf:source, bf:date, bf:qualifier, and bf:note.

Subclasses of bf:VariantTitle: KeyTitle, AbbreviatedTitle, ParallelTitle, CollectiveTitle.

Titles in bibliotek-o

bibliotek-o title properties

bibliotek-o title classes

Named individuals to be used with ex:Origin: binder, caption, container, cover, margin, spine, supplied, transcribed

bf:Title

bf:Note

bf:Source

bf:Status

ex:Origin

bf:title (object property)

ex:titleOf (object property)

bf:mainTitle (datatype property)

bf:subtitle (datatype property)

bf:partName (datatype property)

bf:partNumber (datatype property)

bf:mainTitle (datatype property)

bf:note (object property)

bf:status (object property)

ex:hasActivity (object property)

ex:isActivityOf (object property)

ex:hasOrigin (object property)

ex:hasSource (object property)

ex:isSourceOf (object property)

ex:hasPreferredTitle (object property)

ex:isPreferredTitleOf (object property)

dcterms:hasPart

ex:invalid

ex:caption

ex:supplied

ex:transcribed

ex:translated

Diagrams

Note: diagrams need revision due to change of model from title element resources to BIBFRAME title part datatype properties. The RDF samples below are up-to-date.

Transcribed title

TranscribedTitle

Creator’s title

CreatorsTitle_2

Translated title

translatedTitle

RDF Samples

Title transcribed from resource

:instance a bf:Instance ;
     bf:isInstanceOf :work ;
     ex:hasPreferredTitle :title .

:title a bf:Title ;
     ex:isPreferredTitleOf :instance ;
     rdf:value "Burial of Famine Victim, Hengyang, China" ;
     ex:hasOrigin :transcribed ; :origin .

:origin a ex:Origin ;
    rdf:value “verso” .

Supplied, transcribed, incorrect title

:work1 a bf:Work ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title1 ;
    bf:hasInstance :instance1, :instance2 .

:title1 a bf:Title ;
    ex:isPreferredTitleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "Barracks near Segezha Station"@en .
 
:instance1 a bf:Instance ;
    bf:isInstanceOf :work1 ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title2 ;
    bf:genreForm :negatives_photographs .
 
:title2 a bf:Title ;
    ex:isPreferredTitleOf :instance1 ;
    rdf:value "Barracks near Segezha Station"@en ;
    ex:origin ex:supplied ;
    ex:hasSource <http://prokudin-gorsky.org/?lang=en> ;
    bf:note :note1 .

:note1 a bf:Note ;
    rdf:value "Title devised by Library staff."
   
:instance2 a bf:Instance ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title3 ;
    bf:title :title4 ;
    bf:genreForm :photographic_prints ;
    bf:isInstanceOf :work1 .

:title3 a bf:Title ;
    ex:isPreferedTitleOf :instance2 ;
    rdf:value "Barracks near Segezha Station"@en ;
    ex:origin ex:supplied ;
    ex:hasSource <http://prokudin-gorsky.org/?lang=en> ;
    bf:note :note2 .
        
:note2 a bf:Note ;
    rdf:value "Title devised by Library staff."

:title4 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :instance2 ;
    rdf:value "Baraki dli︠a︡ voennopi︠e︡nnykh u st. Segezh (Prisoner of war 
        barracks near the Segezh Station)" ;
    ex:origin ex:transcribed, ex:caption ;
    bf:status ex:invalid ;
    bf:note :note3 .

:note3 a bf:Note ;
    rdf:value "Incorrect caption in album" .

Title change

:work1 a bf:Work ;
    ex:hasActivity :activity1 ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title1 ;
    bf:title :title2 , :title3 , :title4 .

:activity1 a ex:ArtistActivity ;
    bf:agent <http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n80061185> .

:title1 a bf:Title ;
    rdf:value "Swimming" ;
    ex:isPreferredTitleOf :work1 ; 
    bf:note :note1 ;
    ex:hasSource <http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/36654331> , 
        <http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n80061185> .

:note1 a bf:Note ;
    rdf:value "Correspondence with Sam Duncan, Asst. Museum Librarian,
        Amon Carter Museum, 4/11/96 (based on new research, \"Swimming\" has
        been determined to be Eakins' original title and the title under which
        it was first exhibited; wall labels, catalog listings, etc. have been
        changed from \"The Swimming Hole\" to \"Swimming\" to reflect this new research.)" .

:title2 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "The Swimming Hole" ;
    ex:hasSource :source2 .

:source2 a bf:Source ;
    ex:isSourceOf :title2 ;
    rdf:value "Britannica Micro., 1995: v. 4, p. 315 (Eakins, Thomas; treading water
        next to his setter dog Harry and watching a group of students swimming in \"The 
        Swimming Hole\")" .

:title3 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "The Old Swimming Hole" ;
    ex:hasSource <http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/36654331> .

:title4 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "Swimmers" ;
    ex:hasSource <http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/36654331> .

Title in multiple languages

:work1 a bf:Work ;
    ex:hasActivity :activity1 ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title1 ;
    bf:title :title2 , :title3 , :title4 .

:activty1 a ex:ArtistActivity ;
    ex:hasAgent <http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n78086005> .

:title1 a bf:Title;
    ex:isPreferredTitleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"@fr ;
    bf:mainTitle "Demoiselles d'Avignon"@fr ;
    ex:hasSource <http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n79021281> .

:title2 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "Young ladies of Avignon"@en ;
    ex:hasSource :work2 .

:work2 a bf:Work ,
    bf:title :title5 .

:title5 a bf:Title ;
    rdf:value "Index to reproductions of European art" .

:title3 a bf:Title ;
     ex:titleOf :work1 ;
     rdf:value "Avignon brothel"@en ;
     ex:hasSource <http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/56688045> .

:title4 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "Le Bordel"@fr ;
    bf:mainTitle "Bordel"@fr ;
    ex:hasSource <http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/3901310255> .

Title, subtitle, and variant title

:work1 a bf:Work ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title1 ;
    bf:title :title2 ;
    bf:hasInstance :instance1 .

:title1 a bf:Title ;
    ex:isPreferredTitleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "I [love] Venice"@en .

:title2 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :work1 ;
    rdf:value "I heart Venice"@en .
    
:instance1 a bf:Instance
    bf:isInstanceOf :work1 ;
    ex:hasPreferredTitle :title3 ;
    bf:title :title4 .
 
:title3 a bf:Title ;
    ex:isPreferredTitleOf :instance1 ;
    rdf:value "I [love] Venice : portable pocket ashtray"@en ;
    bf:mainTitle "I [love] Venice"@en ;
    bf:subtitle "portable pocket ashtray"@en ;
    bf:note :note1 .

:title4 a bf:Title ;
    ex:titleOf :instance1 ;
    rdf:value "I heart Venice : portable pocket ashtray"@en ;
    bf:mainTitle "I heart Venice"@en ;
    bf:subtitle "portable pocket ashtray"@en .

:note1 a bf:Note ;
    rdf:value “In title, the word \"love\" is represented by a heart symbol.” .